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Overall, the study finds that consistent conservatives: But the depth of these divisions – and the differences between those who have strong ideological views and those who do not – are striking. That those who express consistently conservative or consistently liberal opinions have different ways of informing themselves about politics and government is not surprising. The five ideological groups in this analysis (consistent liberals, mostly liberals, mixed, mostly conservatives and consistent conservatives) are based on responses to 10 questions about a range of political values. They are the most likely to vote, donate to campaigns and participate directly in politics.

Yet as our major report on political polarization found, those at both the left and right ends of the spectrum, who together comprise about 20% of the public overall, have a greater impact on the political process than do those with more mixed ideological views. And many consistent conservatives and liberals hear dissenting political views in their everyday lives. Most Americans rely on an array of outlets – with varying audience profiles – for political news. The study also suggests that in America today, it is virtually impossible to live in an ideological bubble. In all three areas, the study finds that those with the most consistent ideological views on the left and right have information streams that are distinct from those of individuals with more mixed political views – and very distinct from each other. The project – part of a year-long effort to shed light on political polarization in America – looks at the ways people get information about government and politics in three different settings: the news media, social media and the way people talk about politics with friends and family. And whether discussing politics online or with friends, they are more likely than others to interact with like-minded individuals, according to a new Pew Research Center study. There is little overlap in the news sources they turn to and trust. When it comes to getting news about politics and government, liberals and conservatives inhabit different worlds.